Khalil Coleman v. Kentucky General Assembly
Court
Court of Appeals of Kentucky
Decided
June 20, 2025
Jurisdiction
SA
Importance
46%
Practice Areas
Case Summary
RENDERED: JUNE 20, 2025; 10:00 A.M. NOT TO BE PUBLISHED Commonwealth of Kentucky Court of Appeals NO. 2024-CA-1311-MR KHALIL COLEMAN APPELLANT APPEAL FROM FRANKLIN CIRCUIT COURT v. HONORABLE THOMAS D. WINGATE, JUDGE ACTION NO. 23-CI-00759 KENTUCKY GENERAL ASSEMBLY APPELLEE OPINION AFFIRMING ** ** ** ** ** BEFORE: THOMPSON, CHIEF JUDGE; ACREE AND A. JONES, JUDGES. ACREE, JUDGE: Appellant Khalil Coleman appeals from the Franklin Circuit Court’s order dismissing his complaint against Appellee, the Kentucky General Assembly. Finding no error, we affirm. BACKGROUND Khalil Coleman, a state inmate, filed a pro se lawsuit seeking a declaration regarding certain sections of the Kentucky Revised Statutes. He named the General Assembly of Kentucky as the sole defendant. The General Assembly moved to dismiss the action, arguing Coleman failed to state a claim, and alternatively, if Coleman had stated a claim, the General Assembly is shielded by legislative immunity under Section 43 of the Kentucky Constitution. The Franklin Circuit Court granted the General Assembly’s motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim and declined to assess the immunity defense. Coleman now appeals. ANALYSIS We review de novo a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. Davenport Extreme Pools and Spas, Inc. v. Mulflur, 698 S.W.3d 140, 150 (Ky. App. 2024). Trial courts must construe pleadings “in a light most favorable to the plaintiff.” Gall v. Scroggy, 725 S.W.2d 867, 869 (Ky. App. 1987) (citing Ewell v. Central City, 340 S.W.2d 479 (Ky. 1960)). In response to a pleading, a party to an action may present the defense of a failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted by a pre-answer motion. CR1 12.02(f). The General Assembly presented that defense, arguing Coleman’s complaint “does not state any cognizable legal theory related to the General Assembly and alleges no sufficient facts to support one. In fact, the Complaint 1 Kentucky Rules of Civil Procedure. -2- does not even allege any action or inaction by the General Assembly as a body or by its individual members.” (Record (R.) at 55.) Coleman argues his “declaration of rights petition did in fact state several claims, which should have rendered right to relief.” (Appellant’s Brief at 4.) However, even on appeal, Coleman fails to state any claims against the General Assembly. As he did before the Franklin Circuit Court, he again argues that certain statutes are unconstitutional but does not aver in his brief before this Court sufficient facts that would allow the General Assembly to respond with a rational, cogent answer. He asserts no specific wrongdoing by the General Assembly. Rather, he requests that this Court “evoke legislative intent [and] redact statute [sic] of controversy affecting [his] rights.” (Appellant’s Br. at 6.) Although the General Assembly did not submit an Appellee’s Brief, we take that non- response as an expression of its belief there is nothing warranting a response on appeal. While we respect Coleman’s activism, bringing an action against the General Assembly is not a means by which such change can be effectuated. Existence of an actual controversy is a fundamental component of an action. “The court will not decide speculative rights or duties which may or may not arise in the future, but only rights and duties about which there is a present actual controversy presented by adversary parties, and in which a binding judgment concluding the -3- controversy may be entered.” Foley v. Commonwealth, 306 S.W.3d 28, 31 (Ky. 2010) (quoting Veith v. City of Louisville, 355 S.W.2d 295, 297 (Ky. 1962)). “An actual controversy . . . does not involve a question which is merely hypothetical or an answer which is no more than an advisory opinion.” Barrett v. Reynolds, 817 S.W.2d 439, 441 (Ky. 1991). Coleman’s request that the Court redact certain statutes is not an actual controversy. Neither is his request that the Court actually issue an advisory opinion, which we are prohibited from rendering. Nordike v. Nordike, 231 S.W.3d 733, 739 (Ky. 2007) (citations omitted) (“It is a fundamental tenet of Kentucky jurisprudence that courts cannot decide matters that have not yet ripened into concrete disputes. Courts are not permitted to render advisory opin
Case Details
Case Details
Legal case information
Status
Decided
Date Decided
June 20, 2025
Jurisdiction
SA
Court Type
federal
Legal Significance
Case importance metrics
Metadata
Additional information
Quick Actions
Case management tools
Case Summary
AI-generated comprehensive summary with legal analysis
Case Overview
Case Name: Khalil Coleman v. Kentucky General Assembly
Court: Court of Appeals of Kentucky
Date: June 20, 2025
Citation: Unknown
Jurisdiction: SA
Khalil Coleman, a state inmate, filed a pro se lawsuit against the Kentucky General Assembly seeking a declaration regarding certain sections of the Kentucky Revised Statutes. The General Assembly moved to dismiss the case, asserting that Coleman failed to state a claim and was protected by legislative immunity under Section 43 of the Kentucky Constitution. The Franklin Circuit Court granted the dismissal, leading to Coleman’s appeal.
Key Legal Issues
- Failure to State a Claim: Did Coleman adequately state a claim against the General Assembly?
- Legislative Immunity: Is the General Assembly shielded by legislative immunity in this case?
- Actual Controversy Requirement: Did Coleman present an actual controversy warranting judicial intervention?
Court's Decision
The Court of Appeals of Kentucky affirmed the Franklin Circuit Court's dismissal of Coleman’s complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. The court found that Coleman did not present sufficient facts or legal theories to support his claims against the General Assembly.
Legal Reasoning
The court conducted a de novo review of the dismissal, emphasizing the requirement that pleadings must be construed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. Despite this, Coleman’s complaint was deemed insufficient as it failed to allege any specific actions or inactions by the General Assembly. The court highlighted several key points:
- Coleman’s arguments regarding the unconstitutionality of certain statutes lacked sufficient factual support.
- The court reiterated that an actual controversy is necessary for judicial review, dismissing Coleman’s requests as speculative and advisory in nature.
- The court noted that it cannot issue advisory opinions and that Coleman’s claims did not meet the threshold for an actionable dispute.
Key Holdings
- The court affirmed the dismissal of Coleman’s complaint due to failure to state a claim.
- The court did not need to address the legislative immunity defense as the dismissal was justified on other grounds.
- Coleman’s requests did not constitute an actual controversy, which is a prerequisite for judicial intervention in Kentucky.
Precedents and Citations
- Davenport Extreme Pools and Spas, Inc. v. Mulflur, 698 S.W.3d 140 (Ky. App. 2024) - Establishes the standard for reviewing motions to dismiss.
- Gall v. Scroggy, 725 S.W.2d 867 (Ky. App. 1987) - Discusses the construction of pleadings in favor of the plaintiff.
- Foley v. Commonwealth, 306 S.W.3d 28 (Ky. 2010) - Defines the necessity of an actual controversy in legal actions.
- Nordike v. Nordike, 231 S.W.3d 733 (Ky. 2007) - Prohibits courts from rendering advisory opinions.
Practical Implications
This case underscores the importance of adequately stating claims in legal pleadings, particularly when challenging legislative actions. It highlights:
- The necessity for plaintiffs to provide specific factual allegations when suing legislative bodies.
- The limitations imposed by the doctrine of legislative immunity, which protects lawmakers from certain legal actions related to their legislative functions.
- The requirement for an actual controversy to exist before a court can intervene, emphasizing the judiciary's role in resolving concrete disputes rather than hypothetical scenarios.
In conclusion, Khalil Coleman v. Kentucky General Assembly serves as a critical reminder of the procedural and substantive hurdles faced by litigants in challenging legislative actions in Kentucky. The ruling reinforces the principles of judicial restraint and the necessity for clear, actionable claims in legal proceedings.
Legal Topics
Areas of law covered in this case
Case Information
Detailed case metadata and classifications
Court Proceedings
Document Details
Legal Classification
Judicial Panel
Similar Cases
Cases with similar legal principles and precedents
Case Details
Legal case information
Status
Decided
Date Decided
June 20, 2025
Jurisdiction
SA
Court Type
federal
Legal Significance
Case importance metrics
Metadata
Additional information
Quick Actions
Case management tools